Part One Listening Comprehension (略)
Part Two
Reading Comprehension (40%)
Passage 1
When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town's 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的)taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkask's educators and the state's largest teachers' union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state's share of school funding.
It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $ 1.5 million needed to keep schools open.
But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next year's state aid, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller —perhaps more acceptable—tax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $ 600,00 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $ 250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $ 275,000 more.
Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make apolitical statement as to keep schools open The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closing, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and networks. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA's parent organization, flew from Washington, D.C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated.
Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership(破产管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week.
21.We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded ________.
A. by both the local and state governments
B. exclusively by the local government
C. mainly by the state government
D. by the National Education Association
22.One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was ________.
A. to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staff
B. to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issues
C. to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the public
D. to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools
23.The author seems to disapprove of ________.
A. the Michigan lawmakers' endless debating
B. the shutting of schools in Kalkaska
C. the involvement of the mass media
D. delaying the passage of the school funding legislation
24.We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are concerned about ________.
A. a raise in the property-tax rate in Michigan
B. reopening the schools there immediately
C. the attitude of the MEA's parent organization
D. making a political issue of the closing of the schools
25.According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of ________.
A. the complexity of the problem
B. the political motives on the part of the educators
C. the weak response of the state officials
D. the strong protest on the part of the students' parents
Passage 2?
For most of thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists --- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behaviors as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
26. According to the passage, we know the concept of “human nature” is _______.
A.defined as the essence of man who can make tools and symbols
B. rather controversial between historians and anthropologists
C. ever denied by ancient thinkers a shield behind evil human behaviors
D. questioned by many scholars including evolutionists
27.?As is mentioned in the passage, human beings are supposed by anthropologists to ____________.
A. have something in common as “human nature”
B. be born with no feelings and thoughts
C. come to the world empty-handed
D. be brought to the world in a blank sheet of paper
28.?The author mentioned the ancient and great thinker, Aristotle in the passage to _________.
A. reveal that he ever took advantage of the concept of “human nature”.
B. show that he contributed a lot to the concept of “human nature”
C. support that it is inevitable for human beings to have innate human traits
D. imply that ancient thinkers are not wise enough as the modern scholars
29. The concept of “human nature” in the passage is said to be __________.
A. something not shared by human beings according to the ancient scholars
B. something not born with human beings but acquired, as Aristotle thought
C. the essence of human beings as rational beings and social animals
D. something as a blank sheet for people to write cultures on
30. The word “ untenable” in the last paragraph of the passage could most
probably mean _________.
A.incredible?B. assailable?C. changeable?D. imaginable?
Passage 3
The freedom to lead different types of life is reflected in the person’s capacity set. The capacity of a person depends on a variety of factors, including personal characteristics and social?arrangements. A full accounting of individual freedom must, of course, go beyond the capacities of personal living and pay attention to the person’s other objectives ( e.g. social goals not directly related to one’s own life), but human capacities constitute an important part of individual freedom.
Freedom, of course, is not an unproblematic concept. For example, if we do not have the courage to choose to live in a particular way, even though we could live that way if we so choose, can it be said that we do have the freedom to live that way, i.e. the correspondent capacity? It is not any purpose here to brush under the carpet difficult questions of this-and- other-type. I so far as there are genuine ambiguities in the concept of freedom, that should be reflected in corresponding ambiguities in the characterization of capacity. This relates to a methodological point, which I have tried to defend elsewhere, that if an underlying idea has an essential?ambiguity, a precise?formulation of that idea must try to capture that ambiguity rather than hide or eliminate it.
Comparisons of freedom raise interesting issues of evaluation. The claim is sometimes made that freedom must be valued independently of the values and preferences of the person whose freedom is being assessed, since it concerns the?‘ range’ of choice a person has—not how she values the elements in that range or what she chooses from it. I do not believe for an instant that this claim is sustainable (despite some superficial plausibility), but had it been correct, it would have been a rather momentous conclusion, driving a wedge between the evaluation of achievements and that of freedom. It would, in particular, be then possible to assess the freedom of a person independently of – or prior to – the assessment of the alternatives between which the person can choose.
31. It is said in the passage that there are ambiguities in the characterization of capacity because _________.
A. freedom and capacity of human beings are closely related to each other
B. capacity is an underlying idea of the problematic concept of freedom
C. human capacity depends on personal characteristics and social?arrangements
D. we could never actually get the correspondent capacity in reality
32. According to the passage, to give a full picture of individual freedom, we should __________.
A.?regard human capacity as one of the important components
B. consider a variety of factors, including personal characters and social arrangements
C. not be confined to person’s other objectives, including personal capacities
D. go further into human capacities and consider other person’s other objectives
33. The expression ‘ to brush under the carpet” in Paragraph 2 most probably
means _________.
A.?to try to clean something secretly
B. to try to hide something not clean
C. to try to keep something secret
D. to try to clean something with difficulty
34. From the passage we can infer that the author thinks freedom ________.
A. would have been a problematic concept
B. should be assessed only in terms of the range of the people’s choice
C. would be assessed prior to the assessment of what people choose
D. should be assessed independently of people’s values and preferences
35. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
A. How to assess freedom is rather controversial though interesting, as it is implied in the passage.
B. The “claim” mentioned in the passage will be unfavorable to the evaluation of achievements and that of freedom
C. The author does not believe that a perfect way of assessing the concept of freedom exists
D. Capacity is supposed to be of ambiguity since the concept of freedom is ambiguous.
Passage 4?
Since the late 1960s, another image of ‘ one world’ has edged its way into contemporary consciousness --- the globe in its physical finiteness. We share in ‘humanity’, we are connected by the ‘ world market’, but we are condemned to one destiny because we are inhabitants of one planet. This is the message conveyed by the first photograph of the “one world”, taken from outer space, which has irresistibly emerged as the icon of our age. The photo shows the planet suspended in the vastness of the universe and impresses on everybody the fact that the earth is one body. Against the darkness of infinity, the circular earth offers itself as an abode, a bounded place. The sensation of being on and inside it strikes the onlooker almost instantly. The unity of the world is now documented. It can be seen everywhere. It jumps out at you from book covers, T-shirt and commercials. In the age of TV, photographs are our eyewitness. For the first time in history, the planet is revealed in its solitude. From now on, ‘One world’ means physical unity; it means ‘ one earth’. The unity of mankind is no longer an Enlightenment fancy or a commercial act but a biophysical fact.
However, this physical interconnectedness stands in relief against the background of proliferating dangers. From creeping desertification to impending climate disaster, alarm signals multiply. The biosphere is under attack and threatens to cave in. Local acts such as driving a car or clearing a forest add up, when multiplied, to global imbalances. They turn beneficial cycles into vicious ones that undermine the reliability of nature. In the face of incalculable debacles, concerned voices call for a global political coherence which would match the biophysical interconnections. ‘The earth is one but the world is not. We all depend on one biosphere for sustaining our lives.’ After having intoned this leltmotiv, the Brundtland Reports spells out the fateful new meaning of unity. The Brundtland Report, the leading document on development policy in the late 1980s, takes unity for granted, but a unity which is now the result of a threat.
36. According to the passage, what makes people realize that we are in one world??
A. Book covers or prints on T-shirts.
B. The first photograph of the world
C. The photo image of our planet.
D. The believed fact of “one world”
37. As is implied in the passage, the only TRUE statement in the following could be ____________.
A. The concept of world unity was traditional and superficial
B. The concept of “one world” is commercial and industrial
C. The concept of “one earth” is prevailing and physical
D. The concept of mankind unity is political and sinister
38. The sentence in Paragraph 2 “ The earth is one but the world is not.” most
probably means that ____________.
A. The earth and the world are actually not the same.
B. We live on one planet yet we do different things for the world.
C. We share the earth but do not agree to that with each other
D. We are surviving physically but not politically on one globe
39. In the passage, the concept of unity is said to be a threat, because _________.
A. the “one earth ” fact is not scientific and humanitarian enough
B. people on the one planet are fighting each other for their own benefits
C. people are damaging the environment of the “one earth” jointly
D. the physical interconnections?triggers wars between nation
40. The Brundtland Report holds that ___________.
A. it is certain that we are sharing one earth, if not completely
B. the earth is definitely one of unity , more exactly one of threat
C. the earth is physically finite but not coherent since 1960s
D. the earth can be both physically and politically coherent
Part Three (15%)
41. Trained for three months, all the players became bigger and more _____.
A. forceful?B. vulnerable?C. fierce?D. muscular
42. A ____ is a restaurant, at which customers collect their food on trays at counters and carry it to table.
A.café?B. cafeteria?C. club?D. pub
43. Having not reached agreement on economic issues, the delegation decided to ___ their visit by one week.
A. delay?B. stretch?C. spread?D. prolong
44. It’s a no smoking car. Those who want to smoke, please go to the smoking ____.
A. room?B. department?C. compartment?D. compact
45. The sails ___ in the wind and the boat went ahead smoothly.
A. flanked?B. flapped?C. heaved?D. jerked
46. Wood is indispensable in the ancient buildings, while steel is a (n) ____ part of a modern skyscraper.
A. intact?B. extinct?C. complementary?D. integral
47. This clause in the contract is a necessary ___ against our losing money on the deal.
A. evidence?B. guard?C. escape?D. safeguard
48. Lying in my hospital bed, I was a ___ to these uninteresting old stories.
A. chief?B. prey?C. captive?D. head
49. I will ____ to pay the bills as soon as possible, but I have no job now. Could you give me more time to get the money?
A. exert?B. stretch?C. venture?D. endeavor
50. I don’t know the details of that novel. You see, I just ____ through it.
A. reviewed?B. flicked?C. cast?D. flipped
51. For years Blair family _____ the hope of a trip abroad, and it was not realized until recently when they came to China.
A. nourished?B. nurtured?C. prospered?D. maintained
52. Their marriage came to an end because they were simply not _____ with each other.
A.comparable?B. identical?C. compatible?D. conspicuous
53. There are?not well-paid now. It is a ____ job and will bring you great profit in the long run.
A. notorious?B. former?C. fundamental?D. foremost
54. Large price increases could ____ demands for even larger wage increases.
A. triple?B. trigger?C. attribute to?D. inject
55. Though you are not well-paid now, it is a ____ job and will bring you great profits in the long run.
A. promising?B. predictable?C. encouraging?D. inspiring
56. Nothing can ____ the young mother for the loss of her favorite daughter.
A. confide?B. reward?C. confiscate?D. compensate
57. He finally ___ the benefit of all his years if hard work--- he was admittedly by Harvard University.
A. raped?B. reaped?C. raided?D. receded
58. It’s annoying that the chimneys of those plants in the city ____ a lot of smoke every day.
A. project?B. spray?C. eject?D. deject
59. Sliding doors and windows move in ____ so that they go in the right tracks.
A. channels?B. routing?C. sink?D. groove
60. Street fighting has _____ in those big cities and has greatly influenced the stability of the country.
A. flared up?B. broke through?C. erupted out?D. embarked on
61. Seeing the General coming this way, the soldiers stopped and gave him a smart ____.
A. toast?B. salute?C. tribute?D. solution
62. They send information every week, ____ whether it’s useful or not.
A. in consideration of?B. irrespective of?
C. with the exception of?D. with regard of
63. We had a _____ lesson in ideological education yesterday and were deeply impressed.
A. profound?B. deep?C. extreme?D. shallow
64. Did you get any ____ when you are dismissed from your job?
A. fund?B. loan?C. bonus?D. compensation
65. Children of poor health are very ___ to colds in winter and should be taken care of particularly.
A. willing?B. ready?C. reluctant?D. prone
66. The broken lock ____ my entrance into the empty house.
A. sped?B. upgraded?C. facilitated?D. escalated?
67. She drives with ____, and we all feel comfortable and safe in her car.
A. competition?B. competence?C. qualification?D. efficiency
68. I don’t know why you waste your time on such ____; you should use it on more important thing.
A.events?B. accidents?C. issues?D. trifles
69. They started a newspaper and began to ____ their revolutionary ideas.
A. propagate?B. generate?C. aggregate?D. advertise
70. The price of vegetables and fruits ____ according to the season.
A. accelerate?B. shakes?C. trembles?D. fluctuates?
Part Four?Error Correction (10%)
When you take a walk in any of the cities in the west, you often see a lot
of people walk dogs. It is still true that the dog is the most useful and?
71. ___
faithful animals in the world. But the reason that people keep a dog have changed. In?72. ____
the old days, people were used to train dogs to protect themselves against attacks.?73. ____
by other beats. And later they come to realize that a dog was not only useful for?74._____
protection but willing to obey to his master. For example, when people used dogs?75.______
for hunting, the dogs would not eat what was caught with permission. But now people?76. _____
in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals. Why do they
keep dogs then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. So?77.______
the most important reason is for companionship. With a child, a dog is his best?78.______
friend when he has no friends to play. For young people, a dog is their child when?79. ______
they have no children. For old people, a dog is also their child when their
real children have grown up. So the main reason why people keep?
dogs has changed from companion to friendship.?80. _______?
Part Five?Writing (15%)
Why we work, live to work or work to live?
1. 有的人活着是为了工作
2. 有的人工作是为了活着
3. 你的观点
Key:
Part 2
(21-25) ADBDB?(26-30) DBACB?( 31-35) BACCD?(36-40) CCDCB
Part 3
(41-45) DBDCB?(46-50) DDCDD?(51-55) ACDBA?
(56-60)?DBCDA?(61-65) BBADD?(66-70) CBDAD
Part 4
1. walk---walking?2. that----- why?3. (were)---- used to?
4. come----came?5. (to) ---obey?6. with ---without?
7. So ---But?8. With ---- For?9. play----play with
10.companion ----- protection
Part 5 Writing
Why we work, live to work or work to live?
Everyone is actually working in the world, but why we work? Some people live to work. They like to devote themselves to what they are doing, because they can get some enjoyment and pleasure from it. Albert Einstein ever lived to work, When he was working, he forgot everything, the time, his meals and the environment. Issac Newton also concentrated so much in his work that he forgot everything about himself. These two great scientists seemed not to do without their work: they live to work.
However some people are working to live, in other words, they are forced to work for a living, perhaps they do not really like their work. More exactly they are working to earn the money to support their families or for their own sake. Thus, for them, working might be a hardship, or a burden or a suffer.
In my opinion,. working to live is necessary, natural and original. But with one staying on the job for long, he must gradually love his job, enjoy his job and finally devote to his job. Only in that case, can he work hard, well and whole-heartedly, above all efficiently and effectively. In a word, working to live is understandable, living to work is admirable. I prefer living to work.?
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